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CHESS PRACTICE
- REFLECTIONS AND DEBATES -
- CHESS AND ETHICS -
The
following text come from:
Charles Partos, Gérard Grand : «Étude Systèmatique des Échecs»
EDITIONS A-C SUISSE, Marcel Alego et Jean-Marie Closuit - 1978,
p.11 à 15.
Chess and Ethics
Qualities developed by the chess game
(By Charles PARTOS and Gerard GRAND
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Chess,
invented four millenium ago, was developed in an extraordinary way,
during all the last century. By is beauty, its combinations and the
profoundness of analysis, also because it is the reflect of battles
of our life, and, simultaneously, a gymnastics of our spirit, the
chess game is considered, quite rightly, like the king of games ...»
This
experience (the chess practice) try to develop the following
qualities:
Attention
It
is a significant quality related to:
Observation of any move of the opponent, which
modifies the position and causes new threats and creates new
possibilities.
Control of variation rightness, that we have just
calculeted or concerned the move we have executed.
Keep the contact with the opponent , by trying to
constantly detect his state of mind through his comical expressions,
which perhaps contain hidden a trap.
Focusing
A
game usually lasts several hours. From the first to the ultimate
move, the player must endeavour to be abstracted from the
disturbing environment, music, noise, smoked, for example, to
concentrate entirely with the execution of his plan. Practice, that
unfortunately we meets too, which consists in analyzing the game of
the neighbor before the end of his own one, is to be proscribed.
Logical and Mathematical reasoning
It
is necessary to calculate the values in the event of exchange, to
try to gain material or to obtain a better position, while avoiding
the losses. The player must moreover have a kind of spirit which
enables him to appreciate the dynamic value of pieces according
to space, time, and their position on the chessboard.
Mathematical logic finally is very important for the calculation
of variations.
Judgement and Plan
Judgement
and plan, respectively strategy and tactics, are essential in this
play, where the hazard almost does not intervene. The strategy
represents the general plan, while the tactics represent the
moves. The latter can does not belong to the strategic plan, but
be only used to exploit the faults of his opponent. Theoretical
knowledge, principles of opening, play of middlegame and endgame,
must constantly be confronted with the requirements of the position.
Under the terms of principles of opening, for example, it is
necessary to develop quickly and harmoniously his pieces and pawns,
to put the King in safety, before mobilizing the forces to draw the
best possible party from it. It is interesting to stress that people
often compares the chess game with war, the Queen is comparable with
aviation, the Rooks with armoured tanks, the Bishop with artillery,
the Knight with the cavalry, the pawns at the infantry and the King
with the General.
Imagination and Foresight
There
are two important qualities which enable to anticipate the
development of the game and in particular the position of each
pieces by holding account of the ideas, manœuvres and combinations
of the adversary. Let us record on this subject the
importance to know the greatest possible number of similar
positions, as of endgame positions which can result from exchanges
and evolution of the position. The force of players is
recognizable by the faculty to anticipate moves. Often, at the end
of a game, you hear: "White, respectively Black, saw a move
further". This reflexion means that Black, respectively White,
calculated a "n" move variation, while their adversary had calculated
an "n+1" move variation. Therefore, more numerous are the positions
envisaged, more one is likely to avoid bad surprises and to surprise
the opponent. This faculty can be developed by mental calculation
of variations by analysis and synthesis, the intelligence and the
talent which the chess players usually name the smell of the
position. However it is important to avoid any over-estimate
of this both talents, which could involve a superficial analysis
and synthesis.
Creativity
Constantly
it is necessary to go searching new variations, to improve the old
ones, even to modify the judgment related to a variation
hitherto considered as favorable. Thus are born the theoretical
innovations , which make the happiness or the misfortune of
chess players. Each innovation increases the chances to surprise
the adversary, which very often does not have necessary time to
find its refutation... It is advisable to retain that to be
able to make innovations in the openings, it is essential to have
a serious theoretical knowledge and especially to know the ideas
of the opening or more precisely of the variation one: advantages,
disadvantages, critical position.
Self-Control
It
is an essential quality, confused some times with calms. It is
obtained by a certain experiment of the play. The decision to
counter-attack, attack immediately or to remain passive, will not
be made without an analysis, will be followed by a sure synthesis
of the position, including possible threats, combinations and
manoeuvres. Each one of these possibilities can be best, even
the most adequate. Sometimes one meets in young people a remarkable
self-control, due to their coolness. This quality is primarily
related to the two following ones.
Will to Win or Resist in front of danger
This
quality is as important with chess as in life, sport, arts and
sciences. A weightlifter, or a high jumper must show a very great
will, especially if it is confronted with adversary of appreciably
equal force. It is the case also of the artist who wants to carry
out an imperishable art or of the scientist who wishes to make
important discovered. At side of the desire to overcome, one can
also put forward the capacity to resist in a lower position to
cancel...
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