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The abandon is the free decision, taken by one of both players, to resign and give up a game because of discouragement, weariness, objective very bad position... or all other reason (Chess Rule). The Chess ability is the capacity, for a chessplayer, to play accurately and to lead a game to the victory (Chess Practice). An Absolute Pin concerns a piece that is immobilized because moving it would put the King in check. In an absolute pin it is illegal to move the pinned piece out of the pinning line (Chess Rule). In many cases the opponent proposes an exchange, a gambit, a figure sacrifice. Then a significant alternative is to Accept this one. The other term of the alternative is to refuse (see: Decline) the offer. In fact it is often rather of a great difficulty in knowing what is the best choice (NCT V - "Chess move classification"). An Active Defense is an effective defense preparing equally a counter play (see: Counter Play) (Chess Theory). An Active Move is a move playing a role both in the development (except if this one is completed) and in the battle for the initiaive (see: Initiative Move) (NCT V - "Chess move classification"). The activity of a chess piece is its ability to take part in the battle for the victory of its camp. The activity of a camp (White or Black) is the resulting from the activity of each of its pieces. In the same meaning it is usual to speak about the White activity and the Black activity. (NCT V - "Chess move classification"). An interruption in play allowing both players to obtain analytical help from their chessmaster friends, chess libraries or chess computers. (U.S. Master Eliot Hearst). Adjust: Touch a piece or a pawn without the intention of making a move. Adjusting the pieces is generally done to move a piece to the center of the square. A player must announce "I adjust", "Adjust", or "J'adoube" (French for "I adjust") before touching his/her pieces. If the player does not announce "adjust", he/she will be bound to move that piece on his/her next turn. (Chess Rule - Allentown Center Chess Club). This term describes a pawn which has passed the central meridian of the board (between the fourth and fifth ranks). (Chess Theory - see: IBM Chess Glossary). A player has the advantage if, objectively speaking, he has a better position. (Chess Terminology). A player has a little advantage if this advantage may be more or less assimilated to the advance of a half-move in development (exactly like this is the case for White at the beginning of the game). This way we may eventually observe that White (WLIA:) or Black (BLIA:) has a little advantage (Chess Terminology). A player has a significant advantage if, objectively speaking, he has a chance of winning equal or higher than 3/5 (i.e. 60 per cent). This way we may eventually observe that White (WSIA:) or Black (BSIA:) has a significant advantage (Chess Terminology). A player has a strong advantage if, objectively speaking, he has a chance of winning equal or higher than 2/3 (i.e. 66 per cent). This way we may eventually observe that White (WSTA:) or Black (BSTA:) has a strong advantage (Chess Terminology). A player has a decisive advantage if, logically speaking, he must win the game. This way we may eventually observe that White (WDEA:) or Black (BDEA:) has a decisive advantage (Chess Terminology). An Aggressive Move is an active one, with sometimes a pejorative idea of excess and risk (NCT V - "Chess move classification"). An Air Lock is an elementary pawn-structure constituted by two pawns of opposite camps (one Black and one White) situated on two contiguous files and such that if the White pawn is on the i-rank (i=2,3,4 or 5) the Black one is on the (i+2)-rank (NCT-X - "Chess pawn structure I"). The Queen Air Lock is the significant air lock d4-e6 appearing in many openings (NCT-X - "Chess pawn structure I"). The King Air Lock is the significant air lock e4-d6 appearing equally in many openings. (NCT-X - "Chess pawn structure I"). Alekhine: (1892 - 1946) Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine, son of aristocratic parents, was born in Moscow, Russia in 1892. Very young he learned to play chess from his mother and soon developed a surprising understanding of the game at the same time as a great passion. He reaches the category of Master in 1909, at the age of sixteen only, by gaining the first price of the Russian national tournament of St-Petersburg, who proceeded at the same time as the international tournament of Masters. Before the First World War, he obtained in spite of his youth some memorable successes. Thus, in 1914 he came third in the St Petersburg tournament behind Lasker and Capablanca and, the same year, he appeared in first position in the tournament of Mannheim, which was stopped by the declaration of war. It was around this time that he began to think seriously about challenging the world champion Capablanca. But, the outbreak of the war occurred interrupting his chess projects. After the Russian revolution, Alekhine settled in Paris, where he undertook law studies, which were crowned of success. During this time he continued a brilliant career of professional chess player. From there his most resounding successes were: first price in Budapest, 1921, The Hague, 1921, Carlsbad, 1923 (ex-aequo with Bogoljubov & Maroczy), Baden-Baden 1925, Kecskemet, 1927. Second price in Pistyan, 1922 (ex-aequo with Spielmann, behind Bogoljubov), London, 1922 (behind Capablanca), Semmering, 1926 (behind Spielmann), and finally New York, 1927 (behind Capablanca). These successes made of Alekhine the challenger the more qualified for the chess world championship. The meeting between Alekhine and Capablanca, champion in title, took place in Buenos Aires in 1927, under the auspices of the "Argentinian Chess Club". The first to win six games would be the new World Champion. This match was the longest World Champion match there had ever been. It lasted thirty-four games and seventy-three days but eventually Alekhine achieved a score of six wins to three to secure the title of World Champion. Following this brilliant victory Alekhine carefully avoided meeting Capablanca again, preferring to choose another challenger. In 1929 he played Russian, Bogoljubov for the world champion beating him easily (11 victories, 9 null and 5 defeats). In 1934 Alekhine won again without difficulty against Bogoljubov. Nevertheless in 1935, the Dutchman, Euwe challenged him. Alekhine, who had a liking for alcohol was frequently drunk during his games with Euwe and consequently lost his title. But, two years later, in a rematch, after giving up alcohol, he defeated clearly Euwe by 10 wins to 4 with 11 draws. According to Richard Reti: "the most various opinions were expressed about the style of Alekhine. That is due to the fact that his art of chess is not the pure product of his inspiration, but much more the result of a great intelligence allied to an enormous capacity of work". (Chess History - Great chessplayers of the past). Alekhine-Capablanca: Alekhine (left) plays Capablanca (1913). For more details see: 
José Raúl Capablanca - Wikipedia, L'Encyclopédie libre
(Chess History - Great chessplayers of the past). The Alertness is the ability to take advantage of the opponent’s inaccuracy play, while playing accurately oneself (Chess Practice). It is the method used today by all competition chess organizations and most books, magazines, and newspapers to record and describe the play of chess games. The form most commonly used, and primarily described here, is also called abbreviated (or short) algebraic notation or SAN to distinguish it from the expanded (or long) algebraic notation variant now referred to as LAN. Beginning in the 1970s, the abbreviated algebraic notation eventually came to replace descriptive chess notation, although this notation can still be found in older literature (see: Wikipedia: Algebraic chess notation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). A technique used by computer programmers to cut down on the number of possible moves a computer has to evaluate before choosing the best move (Chess Computer - see: Rob McDonell, ARK ANGLES. All Rights Reserved). The chessboard is composed of squares alternatively white and black, according to both following rules: i) The square a1 is black. ii) All square located above, under, on the right or the left of a black square is white ; and vice versa (CCT I - Introduction, §A). Accurate study of a chess game in view to understand its unfolding (CCT I - Introduction, §A). By annotation one means all published commentary on a chess game (Chess Practice). Fine Antique Chess Set:
«Fine Antique Chess Set (Chess Practice Today - Chess & Life - Chess Passion). Usually, in great Chess Tournaments and other Competitions, some chessplayers, named arbiters, are requested in view to certify, in any circumstances, the strict application of the Chess Rule. They have prerogatives and a freedom of decision comparable with what occurs in other competitive sports (Chess Practice). In a chess game each camp is identified to an army. This way, a chess game is similar to a battle between two armies, White and Black (Chess War Terminology). See : "Virtual" for more details.
«The Chess-Theory Virtual Art Museum» One of the most compelling exhibitions in Britain this summer, The Art of Chess will feature nineteen chess sets designed by artists in the last hundred years that demonstrate the interaction between chess and modern art. This exhibition will illustrate how this most challenging of games has inspired artists from 1900 to the present day, as it had in earlier centuries. The Art of Chess will intrigue not only chess enthusiasts but also followers of modern and contemporary art. Each set in the exhibition will illustrate a move in the apocryphal last game played by Napoleon (white) with General Bertrand (black) on St Helena in 1820. Napoleon was a keen chess player and he allegedly won this game by exploiting the bad play of his opponent. The final chess set culminates with Napoleon checkmating General Bertrand. On public view for the first time will be five recently commissioned chess sets designed by leading contemporary artists Damien Hirst, Jake and Dinos Chapman, Paul McCarthy, Yayoi Kusama and Maurizio Cattelan. These new works will be set in context by chess sets designed during the 20th century by such major artists as Marcel Duchamp, Man Ray, Max Ernst, Alexander Calder and Yoko Ono. (Chess & Art - The Art of Chess). An Artificial castling consits to exchange the positions of the King and Rook other than by castling. Also known as "Castling by hand" (Chess Theory). A combination (manoeuvre) distorts or not really justified (Chess Theory). Attack Resource: The whole of means available to the camp which has the initiative in view to organize a threat against the opponent's camp (Chess Theory). White Attack Over: White had an Attack but this one is now over. Either, by an inaccurate play, White has losted his advantage or Black was able to find a valuable counter play permitting them to stop this momentary offensive (Chess Theory). Black Attack Over: It's the same definition with reversed colors (Chess Theory). The White Attack increases (decreases) in intensity (Chess Theory). It's the same definition with reversed colors (Chess Theory). Minority Attack: It is the result of an advance of pawns on the side (in principle the kingside or the queenside) of the board where one has fewer pawns than the opponent, usually carried out to provoke a weakness (Chess Theory). Castle Attack: An attack against the opposite castle (Chess Theory). Counter-Attack: In response to an attack of the adversary, an aggressive action generally organized on another front. Checking the opponent's King is a particular form of counter-attack, as it is possible to see in some openings. You find a typical example in the Semi-Slav, Meran Defense, Stahlberg variation [D49-q] : 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c6 5.e3 Nbd7 6.Bd3 dxc4 7.Bxc4 b5 8.Bd3 a6 9.e4 c5 10.e5 cxd4 11.Nxb5 Nxe5 12.Nxe5 axb5 13.Qf3
The last White move is an aggressive answer; the White's Queen attacks directly the unprotected a8-Rook and simultaneously creates a potential threat on the f7-pawn. Nevertheless the classical Black's retort is: 13...Bb4+ (Chess War Terminology - NCT XVI - "Offensive strategy"). X-Ray Attack: An attack against a piece not for itself, but because this one blocks off a line (file, rank or diagonal) where is situated the veritable objective. This true objective may be a more significant piece, a strategic square, a castle attack, a mate combination etc... (Chess Theory).
The
Chess-Theory Glossary is presented on 25 pages.
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