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Decoy: 1) The offering of material in order to get an enemy piece to move. 2) The lure of an opponent’s piece to a square that is particularly vulnerable (Chess Terminology - see: Copyright © 2001 by Rob McDonell, ARK ANGLES). In broad outline Defense corresponds to the manner of playing of that which, not having the initiative, undergoes the pressure of his adversary exactly like in the Art of the war. The Defense is thus opposed to the attack. It is a difficult art requiring particular qualities; and, it is true, much of good attackers poor defenders appear (Chess War Terminology). Defense: Is a generic name given to many classical Lines of Play (LPLA:) belonging to the Chess Opening Theory (COTX:), generally characterized by a Black's answer. This corresponds to the traditional point of view following which White is by nature in an offensive position whereas Black is in a defensive one (Opening Chess Terminology). An Efficient Defense is an accurate Defense permitting to stand up to the enemy offensive and equally to prepare an efficient Counterplay (Chess Terminology). An Accurate Defense is a right Defense; nevertheless it may occur that this one is insufficient for resisting at the opponent attack; in this case the defender is in a bad position and run the risk to lost the game (Chess Terminology). An Inaccurate Defense is a more or less bad Defense; in any event such a defense does not make it possible to hope to resist a strong attack (Chess Terminology). An Indirect Defense is a sequence of moves playing a defensive role but motivated by other considerations like developing, finding a counterplay, preparing or engaging an attack.. It is a very good way of playing and really an art, where grandmasters excel!... It is right, in Chess like in War: "The Best Defense is a Good Offense!" (Chess War Terminology). Deflect: To lead to the displacement of an enemy piece to a less suitable square. Is typically used in the context of a combination or an attack, where the guided piece plays a critical part in defense (Chess Tactics - see: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). Demonstration Board: A large display used to show games in progress, or analysis, to an audience (Chess Practice - see: IBM, Chess Glossary - www.reseach.ibm.com). Descriptive Notation: System of recording the moves of a Chess game based on the names of the pieces and places they occupy before the game begins. A move is given by the name of the piece or Pawn moving, followed by the square to which it moves. This notation is now almost completely replaced by algebraic notation (Chess Practice - see: Chess-Poster.com). A Developing Move is a move intervening efficiently within the framework of the general plan of development of a camp (Classical & Modern Chess Theory). The main objective of a chessplayer, at the beginning of a chess game, is to Develop his pieces, in other words to take them away from the Origin Square (ORSQ:) and put them in a suitable place where they obtain their best radiation while taking part in defense or attack; and also while cooperating with other friendly pieces (Classical & Modern Chess Theory). If the first objective of a chessplayer, with the very beginning of a game, is the development, another feature equally very significant of the opening is to obtain the initiative as soon as possible. At this subject the Tarrasch's teaching is rather clear: the best way to obtain the initiative is to have an advance of development on the adversary. Such an idea is excellent and remains of topicality (Classical & Modern Chess Theory). Through Chess-Theory Analysed Games you will find progressively a great number of situation illustrating a White (Black) Development Advance (Chess Practice - Chess-Theory Training). If an army (i.e. a camp) has a Development Advance the opposite army has a Development Delay what is clearly a disadvantage (Classical & Modern Chess Theory). Through Chess-Theory Analysed Games you will find progressively a great number of situation illustrating a White (Black) Development Delay (Chess Practice - Chess-Theory Training). At vertical and horizontal straight lines («files» and «ranks») it is convenient to add other straight lines named Diagonals. This ones are constituted by squares of the same colo(u)r. There is at all 30 diagonals. The empty chessboard is divided in : a7,b8 a5, b6,c7,d8 a3, b4,c5,d6,e7,f8 a1,b2,c3,d4,e5,f6,g7,h8 (large black diagonal) c1,d2,e3, f4,g5,h6 e1,f2,g3,h4 g1,h2 a8 a6,b7,c8 a4,b5,c6,d7,e8 (Spanish diagonal) a2,b3,c4,d5,e6,f7,g8 (Italian diagonal) b1,c2,d3, e4,f5,g6,h7 d1,e2,f3,g4,h5 f1,g2,h3 h1 a1 a3,b2,c1 a5,b4,c3,d2,e1 a7,b6,c5,d4,e3,f2,g1 b8,c7,d6,e5,f4,g3,h2 d8,e7,f6,g5,h4 f8,g7,h6 h8 a2,b1 a4,b3,c2,d1 a6,b5,c4,d3,e2,f1 a8,b7,c6,d5,e4,f3,g2,h1 (large white diagonal) c8,d7,e6,f5,g4,h3 e8,f7,g6,h5 g8,h7 (NCT II - "Chessboard geometry" §A). la Diagonale du Fou: «Titre Original: "La Diagonale du fou" Genre: Thriller psychologique Pays: France (1983) Date de sortie: 18/08/2003 Durée: 103 Min Réalisateur: Richard Dembo Avec Michel Piccoli, Leslie Caron, Liv Ullman, Alexandre Arbatt Producteurs: Martine Marignac et Arthur Cohn Scénaristes: Richard Dembo Compositeur: Gabriel Yared Format: Dvd 9 Site Internet: Site des éditions montparnasse» «1983, Geneva, World Chess Championship. Have clashed Akiva Liebskind, 52 years, Muscovite, world chess champion and unconquered for 12 years, and Pavius Fromm, 35 years, passed in the west for 5 years: the lion and the tiger, the Master and the pupil, Soviet and the dissident...» (Chess Practice Today - Chess & Life - Chess Passion). A Chess Diagram is a pictural representation of a Chess position (Chess Practice). Dominique Digeon: «Echiquier la marquise de gangé - 1992»
«Echiquier la marquise de gangé papiers collés 65 x 65cm 1992 Copyright ©-Dominique Digeon» (Chess Practice Today - Chess & Life - Chess Passion). A Discovered Attack is a move such that the moving piece discovers another piece in position to attack. In such a circumstance it can occur a Double Attack (DOAT:) (Chess Terminology). Dislodging Manoeuvre A move to upset a defensive formation (Chess Terminology - see: Copyright © 2001 by Rob McDonell, ARK ANGLES). Dispersion: A Hans Kmoch's term to designate the vertical splitting of pawns (most commonly, isolation) caused by captures (Chess Terminology - see: ChessVille.com - Glossary of Terms - Pawn Power in Chess by Hans Kmoch). The distance between two squares is the minimal number of squares it is necessary to go across to make one's way, step by step (like a King), from one to the other, including the arrival square. Let us consider two squares A, B. The distance between both squares is noted : d(A,B) . For example :
d(e4,e4) = 0 ; d(e4,g8) = 4
The greatest distance between two squares is :
Although this number is a little one, it has rather a great significance in a chess game. Hence, Let us consider d = d(A,B) the distance between the two chessboard squares A and B. Then we'll say that this distance is : This terminology is connected with the movement of pieces ; we'll subsequently see the reasons for which the notion of middle distance would be without any interest in chess game study (NCT II - "Chessboard geometry" §C). Distance to Conversion: A phrase used to describe the number of positions or plies in a tablebase between any given endgame position and a conversion of material. A conversion of material may be either a promotion or capture. Such conversions often indicate a major shift of endgame advantage. (Chess Terminology - see: Chess-Poster.com). Distance to mate: A phrase used to describe the number of positions or plies in a tablebase between any given endgame position and checkmate. (Chess Terminology - see: Chess-Poster.com). Distant opposition: Kings that oppose or are separated by more than one square, rank or file one another and still have the relation of opposition (e.g. Kings on g1 and g5) are said to be in "distant opposition." Kings in distant opposition can often maneuver to a more simple position of direct opposition but such maneuvering often requires careful calculation (Chess Terminology - see: Chess-Poster.com). Distortion: A Hans Kmoch's term to designate the horizontal splitting of pawns caused by advances (Chess Terminology - see: ChessVille.com - Glossary of Terms - Pawn Power in Chess by Hans Kmoch). The Divergence is a concept introduice in the New Chess Theory. This word means that the game, in this logic evolution, presents an imbalance more or less quickly growing. Very often, in this case, a player ends up having a decisive advantage and finally wins. But, sometimes it happens that the Divergence, for many reasons, becomes weaker and vanishes; then the result may be a draw (DCC - "Dynamic Chess Classification" (DCC:)). Quick Divergence Game: The game reaches a crucial stage, where one side has, for different reasons, a strong, indeed very strong, initiative at its disposal. This one allows this camp to keep a good advantage and finally to obtain the winning result (DCC - "Dynamic Chess Classification" (DCC:)). Slow Divergence Game: During the most significant phase, one camp keeps progressively the initiative essentially by ways of a positional play. When the game is well advanced in its unfolding, generally we can observe a certain «imbalance», in favour of a side and this one ends up obtaining a clear material or positional advantage, enough to win (DCC - "Dynamic Chess Classification" (DCC:)). Damped Divergence Game: At a particular stage in the unfolding of the game a side gets the initiative and obtains then a significant positional or material advantage. Nevertheless, for many reasons, this game evolves toward a draw endgame (DCC - "Dynamic Chess Classification" (DCC:)). The Domination expresses a clear advantage of a camp (or army) on the other (Chess War Terminology). In the New Chess Theory (NCT:) we will study very accurately the reasons which make that White (Black) has a Dominating play (Chess War Terminology). The Domination on Light (Dark) Squares is an interesting caracteristic of some positions. This situation is the result of some features like this: A Double Attack is characterized by the simultaneous attack on two fronts, often against two different chessmen from the adversary; but more generally against two different objectives. This situation represents a strong opportunity for the attacker. This Double Attack may be the result of one of the following circumstances: (Chess Terminology - Classical Chess Theory). A Double Check happens when two pieces on a camp give check simultaneously to the enemy King. In this case one have a Direct coupled with a Discovered Check (DICH:) (Chess Terminology). A Double Lever is an Elementary Pawn Structure constituted by a pawn Attacking simultaneously two opponent pawns. Thus e4-d5,f5 is an example of such a structure (Modern Chess Theory - Hans Kmoch's Vocabulary). Double Pawns: Is formed by two friend pawns situated on the same file (Modern Chess Theory - Hans Kmoch's Vocabulary). Double Isolated Pawns: Is constituted by two friendly pawns P, Q on the same file and isolated from other friendly pawns; in other words, if P, Q are situated on the i-fine, there is no one pawn of the same color on files i-1 & i+1. Doubled isolated pawns are, for the side owning this pawns, a significant weakness (Classical Chess Theory - NCT X - "Chess pawn structure I"). Double Rooks: Occurs when two friend Rooks are connected, on the same file or the same rank. The most interesting and important case is that where both Rooks are located on an Open File (OPFI:) (Classical Chess Theory). Doubling: Means the creation of a double pawns (Modern Chess Theory - Hans Kmoch's Vocabulary). a Draw is a game of Chess won or lost by no one of both players. A draw can result from a stalemate, the 50-move rule, the three-move repetition rule, if neither side has enough material to mate, by adjudication or simply by an agreement between both players. The result is usually write down: ½-½ (Chess Rule). Drawn Position: Such position occurs when the probality of a victory is very weak for the two armies. One can consider the following cases: A Duo is constituted by two friendly pawns P, Q situated on adjacent files and in contact. If P is on the (i,j)-square, then Q occupies one of the adjacent squares on the left: (i-1,j-1), (i-1,j), (i-1,j+1) or on the right: (i+1,j-1), (i+1,j), (i+1,j+1) (Modern Chess Theory - NCT X - "Chess pawn structure I"). An Isolated Duo is constituted by two friendly pawns situated on adjacent files and isolated from the other pawns of their camp. In clear language, if P, Q are two pawns of a side constituting an isolated duo, such that P is on the left from Q: (Modern Chess Theory - NCT X - "Chess pawn structure I"). Mobile Duo: is, in a given position, a duo constituted by two mobile pawns (Classical Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). A White (Black) Mobile Duo: is a mobile duo of White (Black) pawns (Classical Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). We use the word Dynamic in a very particular meaning. Evidently, we agree with Jeremy Silman to recognize that: "The word “dynamic” symbolizes the aggressive potential in any given position or move". Nevertheless in the deep study we shall develop in next months we shall show the link between this concept and the evolution of the ratio Energy/Matter on the chessboard. (New Chess Theory - NCT XVII - "Matter and Energy"). The Dynamic Chess Classification is a chapter of the New Chess Theory, presented singly, where we present a new idea allowing to classify all the Chess games in seven quite distinct categories (see: Classification) (New Chess Theory - DCC - "Dynamic Chess Classification"). Dynamic Play: A Dynamic way of playing in the exact meaning we shall develop in our "New Chess Theory" Lecture (New Chess Theory). Dynamical Obstruction: A Hans Kmoch's expression used about opposing pawns on adjacent files (Modern Chess Theory - Hans Kmoch's Vocabulary).
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