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L'échiquière d'Alain Gaudry: «L’Echiquier(e), ambiguïté de genre»
«L'échiquière d'Alain Gaudry «Starting from a logical game, relentless and with clever strategy, Alain Gaudry made his own battle field. On a checkerwork with the absolute regularity, he dreamed of curves and roundnesses. Chess and checkmate: the King and his subjects ceased reigning without division on this universe of men. Two armies of conquering women took possession of the ground, carried out by powerful warlike androgynes.» «One could say that the échiquier(e) glorifies triumphing femininity. However, with a good look at there, this work improves also the ambivalence of male phantasms. Dominant and victorious women yes, but equally fragile, flexible or broken women. To the image of opposition black/white, each figure (chesswoman!) carries in it a subtle weaving of force and weakness, virility and femininity.» «The Royal fighting sets about air with here raised arm, inviting here congenerics to the attack, but her right arm is cut... Horsewomen await the signal, her vigilant body, tended like an arc, with aggressive camber... but their hands which disappear, snuggle in the mane of the horse, betray a renouncement. Rooks have the solidity of mothers, their base is reassuring, but who are they on the point of locking up between their four frozen walls? Prone, round and soft ones, maintain secrecies of women... unless they are not reduced to silence. The insane one is naked, of this nudity which the madness confers, between examination of the heart and provocation of the exhibited flesh, a finger raised towards the sky, a finger pointed towards the ground... The Queen exalts without reserve her animal lasciviousness, curves of her body at the mercy of the hand of the sculptor who choses for her a more tactile matter, sensual but so rough, manner of saying...« Qui s’y frotte s’y pique» !» «Thus, in the échiquier(e), the combat is feminine, but the victory is ambiguous. Beyond the undeniable beauty of the work, Alain Gaudry questions with talent and skill the sinuosities of the relation man/woman.» (Chess Practice Today - Chess & Life - Chess Passion). ECO Codes Base is the Opening Encyclopedia on line from Chess-Theory (Unfortunately still under construction for many years!!) (Chess Practice - see: Chess-Theory.com - ECO Codes Base). The Edge is the Sector of the chessboard constituted by all of its extreme squares. In other words the 1th rank, the 8th rank, the a-file and the h-file (NCT II - "Chesboard geometry"). Elo Rating : A mathematical system, now used worldwide, devised by Prof. Arpad Elo to rank chess players according to their performances (Chess Practice - see: www.JeremySilman.com). Arpad Emrick ELO: «Arpad Emrick ELO (born Árpád Imre Élo, August 25, 1903 in Egyházaskeszo, Hungary – died November 5, 1992 in Brookfield, Wisconsin) is the creator of the Elo rating system for two-player games such as chess. Born in Hungary, he moved to the United States with his parents as a child in 1913. Elo was a professor of physics at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was a chess master who won the Wisconsin State Championship many times and had two draws with Reuben Fine (one or best players in the world) to his credit. He was also an official of the US Chess Federation.»
«Arpad Emrick ELO is the creator «In 1970, FIDE, the World Chess Federation, agreed to adopt the Elo Rating System. From then on until the mid-1980s, Elo himself made the rating calculations. At the time, the computational task was relatively easy because fewer than 2000 players were rated by FIDE.» [John E Hawkes for "Chess-Theory"]. (Chess History - Chess Practice). Elusive Advantage: A very little advantage difficult to describe (Chess Terminology - New Chess Theory). En Passant: A French term that literally means “in passing. ” When a pawn advances two squares (something it can only do if it has not yet moved) and passes an enemy pawn on an adjacent file that has advanced to its fifth rank, it may be captured by that enemy pawn as if the advancing pawn had moved only one square. This optional capture may be made only on the first opportunity, else the right in that instance is permanently lost (Chess Practice - see: www.JeremySilman.com). En Prise: A French term meaning “in take.” It describes a piece or pawn that is unprotected and exposed to capture. (Pronounced: on-pree) (Chess Practice - see: www.JeremySilman.com). Enchanting Chess Set: (Chess & art - Chess Passion). A Chess Encyclopedia is a fundamental work joining together a basic knowledge relating to the Chess game (see: Classification) (Chess Terminology). Encyclopedia of Chess Opening: The well known Opening encyclopedia (Chess Practice). Opening Encyclopedia: A very interesting and rich CD-Rom from ChessBase (Chess Practice - see: www.ChessBase.com). The Endgame is the third part of a Chess game in the traditional presentation. Many pieces have been exchanged and very often both Kings are able to play an active role (Chess Terminology). The Pre-Endgame is the phase of simplification You may recognize the Pre-Endgame at the following features: In spite of many simplifications the play remains rather complicated and it is only gradually that an inflecting of the strategy occurs. Evidently if you follow a good plan it agrees to continue it, while adapting it unceasingly as it should be. (New Chess Theory - NCT IV - "Unfolding of a game"). Full-Engame : is the Endgame strictly speaking After some moves the Endgame (ENGX:) take a more specific form we call the Full-Endgame (FENG:) approximately caracterized as follow: But in spite of the approach of the end of the game, incertainty can persist, just as a mistake may suddenly change the deal! (New Chess-Theory - NCT IV - "Unfolding of a game"). The End-Endgame is a alone half-move considered by both opponents like the ultimate one; it intervenes sometimes by agreement (victory or draw) and sometimes by necessity (checkmate ou stalemate). This way "chess is life", it is right, but not always so radical! (New Chess Theory). There is many types of endgames; first we may differentiate Major Piece Endgame and Minor Piece Endgame. We shall study carefully each case but some are more frequent than others. Thus endgames of Rooks are very current, whereas engames of Queens are relatively rare (Chess Practice). A Pawn Endgame is an endgame where appear on the chessboard only the two Kings and some pawns. These endgames are classified in various categories, are often very complex and can lead to very contrasted conclusions (Chess Practice). Mixed Endgame: Endgames with various materials (Chess Practice). Endings: Another name for the Endgame (Chess Terminology). Epaulet Mat: Checkmate where the losing King is on the edge of the board with one of his own Chessmen on both sides of the King on the edge (Chess Practice - see: Chess-Poster.com). Equal Position: is used in the same meaning that Balanced Position. In such a case both side may win, lose or draw (Chess Terminology). At the very beginning of a Chess game White has a little advantage; also his objective is to preserve this advantage to even increase it. A contrario the goal of Black is to diminish this little difference. If Black succeeds in this enterprise one says that he has equalized. Then there is equalization (Chess Practice - Classical Chess Theory). An Escape Square is a square to which a King in check can move (Chess Terminology). Estampes et Échecs: «Le jeu d'échecs au XVIIe siècle»
«Le jeu d'échecs au XVIIe siècle (Chess History - Chess & Art). eonhard EULER: «Leonhard Euler (pronounced Oiler; IPA ['??l?]) (April 15, 1707 – September 7, 1783) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist, who spent a very long time in Russia and Germany.»
«Leonhard Euler Swiss mathematician «Euler is considered to be the preeminent mathematician of the 18th century and one of the greatest of all time. He is also one of the most prolific; his collected works fill 60–80 quarto volumes. A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics...» [From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]. (History of Sciences). Euler - Closed Knight’s tour: The Knight's Tour is a mathematical problem involving a Knight on a chessboard. The knight is placed on the empty board and, moving according to the rules of chess, must visit each square once. There are several billion solutions to the problem, of which about 122,000,000 have the Knight finishing on the same square on which it begins. Many variations on this topic have been studied by mathematicians, including Euler, during the centuries using: 
Reference.com - Browse/Wiki/Knight's_Tour
(Chess Terminology - Chess History - Chess & Mathematics). Evergreen Game: Famous Chess game played in 1852 by Anderssen and Dufresne (Level-1). It was thus named because Steinitz felt it would always remain as fresh as the day it was played (Chess Terminology - Chess History - see: Chess-Poster.com). An Exchange series is constituted by a sequence of moves during which a large number of chessmen and pawns are exchanged. It happens sometimes that only one importante series of exchanges abruptly leads from the middle game to the endgame. Another significant feature is that it is generally false that exchanges relieve the weakest camp. Most often the dominant army preserves, after the exchanges, a significant advantage, usually easier to transform into profit. It is clear also that it is often the player having the strongest position which takes the initiative of the exchanges Let us consider the game :
Fuchs, Thomas (2080) - Halay, Taufik (2320) [A43-w7*] HZ op Vlisingen
(9), 2005 - Chess-Theory Analyzed Game No 066 . After the beginning : 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 c5 3.d5 b5 4.Bg5 Qb6 5.a4 Bb7 6.a5! Qd6!?N 7.c4 we are in the Deep Middle Game (DEMG:) and reach the complex position:
Now after the following Exchange Series : 7...bxc4 8.Bxf6 Qxf6 9.Nc3 Na6 10.e4 Nb4 11.Bxc4 Ba6 12.Be2 Bxe2 13.Qxe2 Qa6 14.Qxa6 Nxa6 one get the Pre-Endgame (PEG:) and the game change radically!
(Classical Chess Theory - NCT IV - "Unfolding of a game"). A general Rook Exchange occurs very often on an Open File without any pawn. In an Open File Fight (OPFF:), the challenge for both camp is to occupy this file and control it enough strongly so that the opponent is unable to take the opposition; In other words it is necessary to prevent the adversary from placing its heavy parts on this column, in order to lead to exchanges. This is carried out by doubling, or still better by tripling his own Major Pieces (Classical Chess Theory). When both enemy Queens are in contact the exchange between them is frequent, but other alternatives occur like the exchange of a Queen against two Rooks or three pieces (Classical Chess Theory). Sometimes it happens that a Queen is particularly strong, active, dangerous. Then the opponent has all reasons to propose a Queen exchange; but this exchange may be declined. Accept or not the exchange is a question of configuration and the choice is not always clear (Classical Chess Theory). By Balanced Exchange we mean an exchange where both players obtain reciprocally similar compensations (Classical Chess Theory). An Advantageous Exchange, for a player, permits him to improve his play (Classical Chess Theory). An Unfavorable Exchange for a side correspond precisely to an Advantageous Exchange for the opposite side (Classical Chess Theory).
The
Chess-Theory Glossary is presented on 25 pages.
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