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Playing Chess in Paris: «Puces de saint Ouen - marché Biron»
«Jouer aux Échecs à Paris «Only the eye of the photographer, this sensitive sensor of emotion, will fix this lapse of time that no one cannot perceive: the one of the decision. Will the hand push wood... perhaps this move is a bad one? Who knows? It will take time to understand it, millenia undoubtedly? A failure (in French "échec" means both: "failure" and "check" ; and "échecs" means "chess") is not one if you learn a lesson from it.» (Chess Practice Today - Chess & Photography). A Passed Pawn is a pawn of a camp that not any enemy pawn is able to block or to capture. In clear, for i=2, 3, ...,7, an i-Passed Pawn, named P, is a pawn owning the following characteristics: PPZ= set of (k,l)-squares such that: k=i-1, i, i+1 & l=j+1, j+2, ..., 8. PPZ= set of (k,l)-squares such that: k=i-1, i, i+1 & l=j-1, j-2, ..., 1. (Classical & Modern Chess Theory). A White (Black) Passed Pawn is a passed pawn owning to White (Black) side (Chess Terminology). A Protected Passed Pawn is a passed pawn protected by a friendly pawn (Classical & Modern Chess Theory). A White (Black) Protected Passed Pawn is a protected passed pawn owning to White (Black) side (Chess Terminology). A Unprotected Passed Pawn is a passed pawn that is not protected by any friendly pawn (Classical & Modern Chess Theory). A White (Black) Unprotected Passed Pawn is an unprotected passed pawn owning to White (Black) side (Chess Terminology). Connected Passed Pawns are friendly passed pawns located on adjacent files and thus able to protect each other (Classical & Modern Chess Theory). Passer or Free Pawn are Hans Kmoch's terms for Passed Pawn (Modern Chess Theory - Hans Kmoch's Terminology). Passer Duo is a Hans Kmoch's expression for a Duo of Passed Pawns (Modern Chess Theory - Hans Kmoch's Terminology). Protected Passer is a Hans Kmoch's expression for a Protected Passed Pawn (Modern Chess Theory - Hans Kmoch's Terminology).
«* A Passion for Chess * Lilia Doibani, 20, fell in love with chess when she was 11. At one point, she even considered dropping out of school to spend more time perfecting her game. Today, the Moldovan citizen is the only female member of the chess team at the University of Texas at Dallas. (Chess Practice Today - Chess & Life - Chess Passion). Passive: An inactive move or plan that doesn't fight for the initiative. A passive position has no hope of counterplay or active possibilities. A passive player favours defense rather than attack (Chess Terminology - see: ARK Angles - Great Australian Software). Let us consider a position P; it is convenient of saying that the position P is even if it results from n White moves and n Black moves and odd if it results from n White moves and n-1 Black moves. This is what we call the parity of a position and we suppose that this last is always known. By opposition a position strictly speaking, without known parity, may be named: Physical Position. Thus, if P is an Even Position White has to play and if P is an Odd Position Black has to play. Anyway P means now generally for us, on this site and in particular in the "New Chess Theory Lecture", a position whose we know the parity. We will say: Position with Parity or simply: Position. (Chess Terminology - NCT VIII - "Spectrum of a position"). Patzer: A weak Chess player (German: patzen) (Chess Practice). A Passed Pawn is a pawn of a camp that not any enemy pawn is able to block or to capture (see: "Passed" for more details). (Classical and New Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). A Strong Pawn, named P, is a pawn owning the three following properties: This notion is a priori a very classical one and was first introduce by Philidor. But for many reasons we choose here a rather accurate and constrictive formulation. (Classical & New Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). A Central Strong Pawn is a strong pawn situated in the center (i.e. on the d-file or the e-file). This is essentially a significant concept first envisaged by Philidor. The accurate definition chosen here is convenient, in our opinion, for current and future developments of the theory. (Classical and New Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). A Relatively Strong Pawn is a pawn well protected and playing an interesting role, but nevertheless don't answering, strictly speaking, at the definition of a "strong pawn" (New Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). A Weak Pawn is a pawn difficult, even impossible, to protect and easily accessible to attacks from the other side. Weak pawns like: double pawns, isolated pawn, backward pawn, hanging pawns etc... are typical weakness in a position and we have to be vigilant about all weakening of both (White & Black) pawn structures. On our side, to avoid attacks from the opponent, and in the enemy camp for precisely attacking them (Classical Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). A Backward Pawn is a pawn which cannot be protected by a pawn of its camp and which cannot advance in the considered position. Such a pawn is, for its camp, a significant weakness. You may notice that a backward pawn is always a weak pawn (Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). A Duo is constituted by two friendly pawns P, Q situated on adjacent files and in contact. If P is on the (i,j)-square, then Q occupies one of the adjacent squares on the left: (i-1,j-1), (i-1,j), (i-1,j+1) or on the right: (i+1,j-1), (i+1,j), (i+1,j+1).
(Modern Chess Theory - NCT X - "Chess pawn structure I"). An Isolated Duo is constituted by two friendly pawns situated on adjacent files and isolated from the other pawns of their camp. In clear, if P, Q are two pawns of a side constituting an isolated duo, such that P is on the left from Q:
(Modern Chess Theory - NCT X - "Chess pawn structure I"). Mobile Duo: is, in a given position, a duo constituted by two mobile pawns (Classical Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). A White (Black) Mobile Duo: is a mobile duo of White (Black) pawns. (Modern Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). Double(d) Pawns: Is constituted by two friendly pawns on the same file. Doubled isolated pawns are, for the side owning this pawns, a significant weakness.
(Classical Chess Theory - NCT X - "Chess pawn structure I"). Tripled Pawns: Is constituted by three friendly pawns on the same file. Tripled isolated pawns are, for the side owning this pawns, a significant weakness. (Classical Chess Theory - NCT X - "Chess pawn structure I"). Quadrupled Pawns: Is constituted by four friendly pawns on the same file. Quadrupled (isolated) pawns appear in some famous classical games and belong to the Chess curiosities (Classical Chess Theory - NCT X - "Chess pawn structure I"). Poisoned Pawn: a White pawn (generally the b2-pawn) that the Black Queen located on the same file (usually in b6) may capture. The theme of the poisoned pawn appears during a few number of openings and is rather exciting because, in some great classical variations, like in the Sicilian Najdorf, it seems that White has a sufficient compensation for the pawn. And moreover the theoretical debate on this subject remains today largely open. (Classical Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). An Advanced Pawn, for a side, is a pawn situated in the opponent half-chessboard (see: Half-chessboard) (Chess Terminology). A Fixed Pawn is a pawn whose advance is blocked by an enemy piece; generaly a enemy pawn (Chess Therminology). Hanging Pawns: is a Steinitz's term for two adjacent White (Black) pawns that are on the 4th (5th) rank, can't be supported by other friendly pawns, are not passed pawns and are on (half-)open files (Chess Therminology - see: East Tennessee State University Chess Club - Chess Glossary - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). A Pawn Obstacle for White (Black) is a (friendly or opponent) pawn blocking freedom of movement of White (Black) figure. (Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). A White (Black) Pawn Obstable is a pawn obtacle for White (Black) In future Chess-Theory's Analyzed Games we will study a lot of such pawns. Let us notice that when a pawn of a camp is a pawn obstacle for himself this one is not necessarily a weak pawn; anyway, the adversary generally does not may find it beneficial great to capture a pawn which plays thus against its own camp! Here is a first example, again in the theoretical rich game: 
Jussupov, Artur - Vaganian, Rafael [A43-u7*] URS-ch47 Minsk (2), 1979 -
Chess-Theory Analyzed Game No 064 After the excellent Jussupov's move: 28.Rh4!+- we have an exemplary situation , where Black mobility is totally impeded, in particular by the Black pawn obstacle f7
(Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). An Isolated Pawn is a pawn which is not connected with any friendly pawn; in other words, if such a pawn P is situated on the i-file (i=1, 2, ..., 8), there is no pawn of the same camp on the (i-1) and (i+1)-files.
(Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). Pawn island: A group of pawns of the same camp separated from the next pawn by at least one open file. More islands indicates a weaker pawn structure. (Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). Pawn Storm: One uses this expression when many pawns of a camp, constituting a pawn fron, advance towards the opponent King with the intent of ripping up his pawn cover. Let us notice this form of attack is frequent and intervenes not only when both players have castled to opposite sides. (Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). A Pawn Chain, or simply a chain is a set of two or more connected pawns of the same camp, situated dianonally (i.e. belonging to a unique diagonal). In a pawn chain each pawn protects the following (Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). The Base of a Pawn Chain C is the only unprotected pawn of C. This is the weakest pawn of the chain. (Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). The head of a Pawn Chain C is the only pawn of C not protecting any other. This is the strongest pawn of the chain. The most interesting case is that where the head of a Chain C is a Candidate pawn or a Passed pawn. (Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). By Connected Pawns we means a pawn formation constituted by pawns of the same color situated on adjacent files and able to protect each other (Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). Connected Passed Pawns: Two or several passed pawns of the same camp which moreover are connected (Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). A Half-free Pawn is a pawn either without counterpawn or without sentry. Thus, if P is a pawn located on the (i,j)-square, let us consider the P-Promoting Zone: PPZ= set of (k,l)-squares such that: k=i-1, i, i+1 & l=j+1, j+2, ..., 8 if is White. PPZ= set of (k,l)-squares such that: k=i-1, i, i+1 & l=j-1, j-2, ..., 1 if P is Black. Then P is a Half-free Pawn under the following condition: Evidently a candidate pawn is, in particular, a half-free pawn (Modern Chess Theory - Hans Kmoch's Vocabulary). According with the Hans Kmoch's terminology a Candidate Pawn is a pawn of a side such that it does not exist an enemy pawn on the same file able to block it (in other words without counterpawn). The main difficulty for a candidate pawn it to pass over the impediment constituted by enemy sentries (Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). A White (Black) Candidate Pawn is a pawn owning to White (Black) without counterpawn (see: Counterpawn). Thus, let us consider a candidate pawn P situated on the (i,j)-square: (Chess Terminology - NCT XI - "Chess Pawn structure II"). Pawn Structure is a general expression covering the knowledge of all the singularities of the organisation of the whole of all pawns of the chessboard. The Pawn Structure is a fundamental aspect in the analysis of a position, and consequently of a game, because this is the more significant aspect of its "general structure". We may emphasise the importance of pawn structure by saying that one recognize two characteristics in a Chess position P: It is interesting to notice that the pawn structure evolves, in a game, exactly like the skeleton of a human being during his life. But precisely, this evolution is very slow and this structure (this skeleton) remains a fundamental characteristic from the beginning to the end! (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT X & XI - "Chess pawn structure I & II"). White (Black) Pawn Structure is a general expression covering up knowledge of all singular features of the set of all White (Black) pawns on the board. (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT X & XI - "Chess pawn structure I & II"). Good White (Black) Pawn Structure means that White (Black) has a good pawn structure. (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT X & XI - "Chess pawn structure I & II"). Bad White (Black) Pawn Structure means that White (Black) has a good pawn structure. (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT X & XI - "Chess pawn structure I & II"). A Shapeless Pawn Structure is a pawn structure where appears some elements of dissymmetry; this fact has a great significance in the estimate of a position. (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). In view to study the pawn structure the best way is focalize his attention on various Elementary Pawn Structures constituted by a few number of pawns near each other. (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT X - "Chess pawn structure I"). A more or less great "Mobility" is a fundamental feature of the pawn structure. By Mobile Pawn Structure we mean that the considered pawn structure benefit from a good mobility (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). By Blocked Pawn Structure we mean that the condidered pawn structure is, globally speaking, blocked (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT XI - "Chess pawn structure II"). Pawn grabbing: Deprecating term to describe the act of winning Pawns at the expense of development or countering an opponent’s attack. Also known as Pawn snatching (Chess Terminology - see: Chess-Poster.com). PCA: Abreviation for "Professional Chess Association", created by Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short in 1993 as an organization rival to the FIDE (Chess Practice). The Penetration at the heart of the enemy territory is, like in the war, an essential objective of both armies. The Penetration is the result of many actions representing the execution of a earlier Plan. We may resume the main stages of its executing this way: (Chess War Terminology - Current & New Chess Theory - NCT XVIII - "Choice of a Plan"). Different ways of Penetrating for White or Black will be carefully studied in some futur Chess-Theory Analyzed Games like in other parts of this site. (Chess War Terminology - Current & New Chess Theory - NCT XVIII - "Choice of a Plan"). A Reciprocal Penetration occurs when simultaneously White attacks on a side (kingside, center or queenside) while Black attacks on another one; in this case each camp may eventually succeed in penetrating the opponent camp (both penetrations occuring simultaneously). (Chess War Terminology - Current & New Chess Theory - NCT XVIII - "Choice of a Plan"). Perpetual Check: Unremitting attack on a King, without checkmate. Under some rules this may result in a draw (Chess Terminology - see: ARK Angles - Great Australian Software). Perpetual Pursuit: Similar to a Perpetual Check, except that the pursued piece is a Bishop, Knight, Rook or Queen, instead of the King (Chess Terminology - see: Chess-Poster.com). Petite Combination: A combination involving only a few moves and often only one tactical theme (Chess Terminology - see: ARK Angles - Great Australian Software). PGN: Portable Game Notation, a standard text system of chess notation used on Chess viewers programs and designed for the representation of chess game data using ASCII text files. PGN is structured for easy reading and writing by human users and for easy parsing and generation by computer programs. A text file composed exclusively of PGN data records should have a file name with ".pgn" as the suffix (Chess Terminology - see: Chess-Poster.com). Phalanx: Elementary pawn structure where two or more pawns of the same color are side-by-side, i.e. on the same rank and on adjacent files (Chess Terminology - see: Chess-Poster.com). Francois-Andre Danican PHILIDOR: «Francois-Andre Danican Philidor was a French chess player and composer; he was born on September 7, 1726 in Dreux, France and died in London on Monday, August 31, 1795, at the age 68. Danican is the name of a significant French family, certainly of Scottisch origin. This family was particularly celebrated during the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries; apart from the exceptional case of Francois-Andre, because many of its members were officially musicians at the French court.»
«Francois-Andre Danican PHILIDOR By clicking on the above image you can find an article written in 2004 by "the Scribe" for Chess-Theory. [Image communicated by John E Hawkes for "Chess-Theory"]. (Chess History - Chess Practice). A Game of Chesss Photo: «Copyright ©-2004 J. David Escobar»
«A Game of Chesss Photo (Chess Practice Today - Chess & Life - Chess Passion). Piece: Can mean either any chessman or pawn, or only a chessman (King, Queen, Rook, Bishop or Knight) (Chess Pieces - CCT II - "Moving figures"). Major Pieces or Heavy Pieces of each army (White & Black) are the Queen & the Rook (Chess Pieces - CCT II - "Moving figures"). Doubling Major Pieces occurs when two friendly major pieces (the Queen and a Rook or both Rooks) are in contact; in other words are able to protect each other. The most significant case arises when White (Black) is Doubling Major Pieces on an open file (i.e. a file without any pawn of his camp). Let us name i (i=a, b, ..., h) this file. Then White (Black) is able to exerce a strong pressure on the enemy pawn(s) & piece(s) situated on the i-file. By the way White (Black) reinforce his control on the i-file and it is then difficult for the opponent to take the opposition. (Modern Chess Theory - MCT V - "Tactics"). Tripling Major Pieces occurs when three friendly major pieces (the Queen and both Rooks) are in contact on the same line (rank or file). The most significant case arises when White (Black) is Tripling Major Pieces on an open file (i.e. a file without any pawn of his camp). Let us name i (i=a, b, ..., h) this file. Then White (Black) is able to exerce a very strong pressure on the enemy pawn(s) & piece(s) situated on the i-file. By the way White (Black) reinforce his control on the i-file and it is then very difficult for the opponent to take the opposition. (Modern Chess Theory - MCT V - "Tactics"). Minor Pieces of each army (White & Black) are both Knights & both Bishops (Chess Pieces - CCT II - "Moving figures"). A Buried Piece is a piece hemmed in by friendly pieces and pawns. Such a piece will have a difficult time actively participating, and may also interfere with the development of other pieces (Chess Terminology - see: Rob McDonell, ARK ANGLES. All Rights Reserved). Pin: When a piece can not move because doing so would expose a valuable piece, usually the king or queen, to attack (Chess Terminology - Classical Chess Theory). Absolute Pin: A pin against the enemy King; it is then illegal to move the pinned piece (Chess Terminology - Classical Chess Theory). Relative Pin: A pin against an enemy chessman other that the King (usually the Queen or a Rook) (Chess Terminology - Classical Chess Theory). Pin Move: A move of a Queen, a Rook or a Bishop attacking directly an enemy piece (pinned piece) and preventing this one to move because an enemy chessman of greater value is on the same trajectory (see: Move for more details) (Chess Terminology - NCT VI - "Chess move classification"). When occurs a pin move from White (Black) the Black (White) piece directly attacked, and protecting a chessman of greater value, is said a Pinned Piece (Chess Terminology - NCT VI - "Chess move classification"). The Pinned Piece is a pawn (Chess Terminology - NCT VI - "Chess move classification"). The Pinned Piece is a Knight (Chess Terminology - NCT VI - "Chess move classification"). The Pinned Piece is a Bishop (Chess Terminology - NCT VI - "Chess move classification"). The Pinned Piece is a Rook (Chess Terminology - NCT VI - "Chess move classification"). The Pinned Piece is a Queen (Chess Terminology - NCT VI - "Chess move classification"). Pinning Piece: The attacking piece in a pin (Chess Terminology - NCT VI - "Chess move classification"). A Pincer Lever is constituted by two lever that convergently attack a chain of two pawns, including its base (Modern Chess Theory - Hans Kmoch's Terminology). In a Chess game the elaboration of a Plan is the fundamental stage of the unfolding of the game, where are specify the main choices, which will guide the player during the unfolding of the middle game and until the engame. The elaboration and the execution of a Plan may be presented in the following form: i) Is chosen a suitable opening; this means that this opening, noted O, owns some special qualities like: ii) When you are reaching the Opening Speculative Phase (OPSP:) you elaborate first a project (see: Project). This last is a revisable first version of your Plan. It integrates some typical ingrediens like: iii) After the Opening Critical Phase (OPCP:) your project takes the definitive form of your plan. This one is accurate but relatively flexible and can be adapted permanently to the concrete evolution of the position. iv) During the Thematic Middle Game (THMG:) the feasibility of your plan may be tested, while you play your ultimate development moves, which must be initiative ones! v) The Deep Middle Game (DEMG:) is the essential phase for executing the plan. vi) The plan must be continued and adapted until its complete realization. It should be changed radically only in exceptional cases. (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT XVIII - "Choice of a plan"). When we are analyzing a Chess game we are particularly interested by the possible plan followed by each player. Sometimes this plan is very clear, unequivocal and leads to a frank success. Many often it is recognizable, but lacks either of width, or of a true internal logic. Finally it is completely obvious, in certain games, that there is no plan in a camp (sometimes in both camps). Then we say that White or Black (both players) has (have) no plan. (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT XVIII - "Choice of a plan"). In each Chess-Theory Analyzed Game will be study separately the White Plan and the Black Plan. (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT XVIII - "Choice of a plan"). The mention White (Black) Good Plan expresses that White (Black) has a good plan. (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT XVIII - "Choice of a plan"). The mention White (Black) Bad Plan expresses that White (Black) has a bad plan. (Current & New Chess Theory - NCT XVIII - "Choice of a plan"). Play: In a Chess game, the way in which each player leads his game But it should be noted that the play, at every moment of a game, depends initially on the position and that the freedom of both players is only relative here. We use the following acronyms: WAPL: White Accurate Play. BAPL: Black Accurate Play. WIPL: White Inaccurate Play. BIPL: Black Inaccurate Play. WEPL: White Energetic Play. BEPL: Black Energetic Play. (Chess Practice - Chess Terminology). A Positional Play occurs when the freedom of both players is relatively great, in other words when there is no prospect, in short term, of constraining combinations. It is interesting to observe that a Positional Play appears on the chessboard when are carried out some convergent conditions, that we present here: In the Dynamic Chess Classification we share all the Chess games in 7 categories. It is possible to specify here that you find more frequently a positional play in the following types of games: (New Chess Theory - NCT VIII - "Spectrum of a position" - NCT XVI - "Offensive strategy"). A Combinatorial Play intervenes on the board when, in a given position, a sequence of moves is more or less forced. It is interesting to observe that a Combinatorial Play appears on the chessboard when are carried out some convergent conditions, that we present here: In the Dynamic Chess Classification we share all the Chess games in 7 categories. It is possible to specify here that you find more frequently a combinatorial play in the following type of games: (New Chess Theory - NCT VIII - "Spectrum of a position" - NCT XVI - "Offensive strategy"). Tactical Play is the way of playing where tactics dominates. Thereby a combinatorial play is a tactical play and both terms may be more or less identified (Current Chess Theory). Strategic Play is the way of playing where strategy dominates. Thereby a positional play is a strategic play and both terms may be more or less identified (Current Chess Theory). A Counter Play is an active manner to play in response to an aggressive play of the opponent. Thus a counter play may be interpreted like a counteroffensive in war terminology (Chess Terminology). Sufficient White (Black) Counter Play expresses that White (Black) has a sufficient counter play to compensate for the opponent attack (Chess Terminology). Insufficient White (Black) Counter Play expresses that White (Black) has an insufficient counter play to compensate for the opponent attack (Chess Terminology).
«© Chess-Theory - San Francisco 2001 This fine photograph has been found on the web; but the corresponding link doesn't work now. If you recognize to be the author or the owner of this picture, please inform us of your coordinates!... (Chess Practice Today - Chess Photography - Chess Passion).
«Parisians playing chess in © All images are copyrighted by Frantisek Staud See other photographs in Frantisek Staud's Photo Gallery (Chess Practice Today - Chess Photography - Chess Passion). Point Count: A way of determining the worth of the pieces by assigning them a numerical value. Typically the Queen is worth 9 points, Rooks 5 points, Bishops 3 or 3.25 points (depending on who you talk to), Knights 3 points and pawns 1 point. A higher point count denotes material superiority (Chess Practice - see: ARK Angles - Great Australian Software). POP Art and Chess: Peter Blake, one of the leading figures of British Pop Art, exhibits work from two series 1-10 and Marcel Duchamp's World Tour in his forthcoming exhibition at Waddington Galleries. (Chess in Art - Chess & Art - Chess Passion). A Position is the state of a Chess game, at a given time, like we may see it directly on the chessboard and like it is usually presented on a diagram. Like this, let us look at a given Chess game where White has played exactly n moves and Black k=n-1 or n. The corresponding position P is accurately the resultant of individual displacement of each figure and each pawn of both camps, during this beginning of the game. If we consider only White pieces we obtain the White Position and similarly if we consider only Black pieces we obtain the Black Position. Then the position or Whole Position is the resultant of White and Black positions. Now considering this position P, with the additional information that the next move must be played by Black (k=n-1) or must be played by White (k=n). Then, you dispose here of all the information needed to continue the game. In fact we may without any disadvantage forget the concrete course of the game and play only the position. At every moment the best move is exactly that which is dictated by the position (Chess Terminology - Current Chess Theory - NCT XVII - "Matter and Energy"). A Balanced Position is a position where both sides have some advantages and disadvantages compensating each other. In this case the position is also said equal. Nevertheless a balanced position don't necessarily lead to a draw because: (Chess Terminology - Current Chess Theory - NCT XVII - "Matter and Energy"). An Unbalanced Position is a position P in which exists a rather great imbalance between dynamic and material caracteristics of White and Black positions. In this case it is not always easy to estimate if one side has a clear advantage. With an unbalanced position we might envisage next situations: (Chess Terminology - Current Chess Theory - NCT XVII - "Matter and Energy"). A side (White or Black) has a Cramped Position if it diposes of a little space (reduced territory) and that its pieces are lacking mobility. It is a typical strategic objective to menage to reduce progressively the opponent territory (Chess Terminology - Current Chess Theory - NCT XVII - "Matter and Energy"). A Critical Position occurs in a game, generally during the Deep Middle Game (DEMG:) but sometimes later, when there is a great Energy dissipated on the chessboard and that it seems that a very minor changing can tip over all the play in a direction or another. Critical positions are very complicated and particularly difficult to interpret correctly... This is a central theme of future developments of the New Chess Theory. (New Chess Theory - NCT IX - "Critical lines & points" - NCT XVII - "Matter and Energy"). An Open Position is a position P where figures may go round easily. The main characteristic is the existence in such a position of: This attempt at elucidation is only one stage intermediate. We work currently on this question and will return on it very soon. (Current Chess Theory & New Chess Theory - NCT XVII - "Matter and Energy"). A Closed Position is a position where figures cannot circulate easily. The main characteristic is the existence in such a position of: This attempt at elucidation is only one stage intermediate. We work currently on this question and will return on it very soon. (Current Chess Theory & New Chess Theory - NCT XVII - "Matter and Energy"). Drawn Position: A position where the expected result is a draw (Chess Terminology - Classical Chess Theory). A Overextended Position occurs sometimes after a failed offensive or advance; such a position owns generally many weakness without sufficient compensations (Chess Terminology - Classical Chess Theory). A Wild Position is an extremely complicated and unclear position, with rather unfathomable consequences (Chess Terminology - Classical Chess Theory). Positional Mistake: An error constituting a risk concerning the position and whose consequences can be felt on the long term (Chess Terminology). Positional Play: see: Play (Chess Terminology). Positional Sacrifice: A sacrifice without evident tactical impact, but having some positional compensations concerning mainly the pawn structure (Chess Terminology - Current & New Chess Theory). Positional Stranglehold: The position of a camp is very reduced and this one is, pratically speaking, unable to move its pieces (Chess Terminology - Chess Curiosity). Post Mortem: A Latin term borrowed from medicine that literally means, ¿after death.î It refers to the sessions that often take place after a tournament game has finished. Both players discuss the game and attempt to find the reason why someone lost--the ¿cause of death.î In particular, those with huge or delicate egos love post mortems because they can show that they saw much more than the opponent (if they lost, they can prove, at least in their own mind, that the opponent was lucky to gain the victory). For those of a more open nature, if you had played a stronger opponent than yourself, you can sit back, ask what you did wrong and hope that the mysteries of the universe will unfold (Chess Practice - see: www.jeremySilman.com). Postino - Photogallery: «Il Mato del Postino» (Chess Practice Today - Chess & Life - Chess Passion). (Pratique des Échecs Aujourd'hui - Échecs & Vie - Échecs Passion). Premature Move, Combination, Action etc...: A hasty move, combination, action etc... acted without enough preparation (Chess Terminology - Classical Chess Theory). Preventive Sacrifice: A sacrifice made to prevent the opponent from castling (Current Chess Theory). White (Black) Prisoner: It is the result, for White (Black), of a positional stranglehold and consequently a crucial lack of space (Chess Terminology - Chess Curiosity). Promotion: Advancing a pawn to the eighth rank for White (first rank for Black), converting it to a Queen, Rook, Bishop or Knight. Promotion to a piece other than a Queen is called underpromotion. (Chess Terminomogy - Chess Rule - see: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). Prophylaxis: This is a strategy explored by Nimzovich. Taken from the Greek word prophylaktikos, meaning to guard or prevent beforehand, prophylaxis (or a prophylactic move) stops the opponent from taking action in a certain area for fear of some type of reprisal. Overprotection is a form of prophylaxis (see: www.JeremySilman.com). (Modern Chess Theory - see: www.JeremySilman.com). A Prophylactic Move is a move in accord with the general principle of Prophylaxis. When the King castles short, a typical prophylactic move is Kh1 (Kh8) and when the King castles long Kb1 (Kb8). We may propose various examples like the following interesting game we choose a new time:
Marshall, Frank - Blackburne, Joseph H [A43-b] ENG-USA cable m England
(1), 1909 - Chess-Theory Analyzed Game No 044 Blakburne plays the necessary prophylactic move: 23...Kb8
(Chess Terminology - NCT VI - "Chess move classification" - NCT IXX - "Keys of success"). According to Nimzovich's ideas, the Overprotection consists to reinforce the protection of his most significant pieces to prevent all enemy attack. Let us notice that the Overprotection is a practical application of the general principle of Prophylaxis The Overprotection is also the best way to stay clear from the Overloading of his pieces. (Modern Chess Theory). Mutual Protection: intervenes when two or more pieces are able to protect each other. For example, a White Bishop in g3 and both pawns f2, h2 are in situation of mutual protection
(Chess Terminology). Push: Moving a pawn forward (Chess Terminology).
The
Chess-Theory Glossary is presented on 25 pages.
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